The Nature-Culture Divide

Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas—what belongs to nature cannot be the result of human intervention and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is by far not the only take on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the evolutionary development of humans suggest that culture is part and parcel of the ecological niche within which our species thrived, thus rendering culture a chapter in the biological development of a species. An Effort Against Nature Several modern authors—such as Rousseau—saw the process of education as a struggle against the most eradicated tendencies of human nature. Humans are born with wild dispositions, such as the one of using violence to achieve one’s own goals, to eat and behave in a disorganized fashion, and/or to act egotistically. Education is that process which uses culture as an antidote against our wildest natural tendencies; it is thanks to culture that the human species could progress and elevate itself above and beyond other species. A Natural Effort Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have clarified how the formation of what we refer to as culture in an anthropological sense is part of the biological adaptation of our ancestors to the environmental conditions in which they came to live.Consider, for example, hunting. Such an activity seems an adaptation, which allowed hominids to move from the forest into the savannah some millions of year ago, opening up the opportunity to change diet and living habits. At the same time, the invention of weapons is directly related to that adaptation—but from weapons descend also a whole series of skill sets characterizing our cultural profile, from butchering tools to ethical rules relating to the proper use of weapons (e.g., should they be turned against other human beings or against uncooperative species?). Hunting also seems responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot as humans are the only primates that can do that. Now, think of how this very simple thing is crucially connected to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that our biological development is closely tied to our cultural development. Culture as an Ecological Niche The view that came to be most plausible over the past decades seems to be that culture is part of the ecological niche within which humans live. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. Now, the transmission of culture seems not to be directly related to the transmission of genetic information. Certainly the significant overlap between the genetic makeup of humans is a premise for the development of a common culture that can be passed along from one generation to the next. However, cultural transmission is also horizontal among individuals within the same generation or among individuals belonging to different populations. You can learn how to make lasagna even if you were born from Korean parents in Kentucky just as you can learn how to speak Tagalog even if none of your immediate family or friends speak that language. Further Readings on Nature and Culture The online sources on the nature-culture divide are scarce. Luckily, there are a number of good bibliographical resources that can help out. Here is a list of few of the more recent ones, from which older takes on the topic can be recovered: Peter Watson, The Great Divide: Nature and Human Nature in the Old World and the New, Harper, 2012.Alan H. Goodman, Deborah Heat, and Susan M. Lindee, Genetic Nature/Culture: Anthropology and Science Beyond the Two-Culture Divide, University of California Press, 2003.Rodney James Giblett, The Body of Nature and Culture, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Investigatory Project - 4554 Words

Malunggay (Moringa Olifeira) Seeds As Capsules for Hypertension A Science Investigatory Project In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Research II Reina Regina S. Camus Researcher March 2012 ACKNOWLEDGMENT For the successful completion of the study, the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude to all the people who patiently helped her in making this study possible especially to her ever-loving and caring parents who supported her morally and financially. To thank her teacher in Research II, Ms. Liza Castor for her outstanding guidance and untiring support that she had given to the improvement of her study. In addition, she would like also†¦show more content†¦In fact, there are no specific and no obvious symptoms of hypertension, which has led to the condition referred to as a â€Å"silent killer†. The elevated blood pressure or the hypertension is very common in men and women as well as to people whose ages range from 50 and above. Hypertension refers to a cardiac chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure is elevated. High blood pressure has a detrimental effect on arteries and key organs. It can also trigger kidney and heart failure as well as strokes. And it has often been the practice of doctors to treat hypertension by prescribing expensive and not affordable kinds of drugs. Eventually, malunggay known as a â€Å"miracle plant†, Horseradish tree in English, Drumstick in India; the Benzoline tree in Haiti, Marum in Thailand; Nebeday which means â€Å"never die† in Senegal and in East Africa, it is appropriately known as â€Å"Motherâ€⠄¢s Best Friend† has been discovered for its great medicinal value. Whatever its name, the only important things are, malunggay is fully loaded of essential disease-preventing nutrients such as Phosphorous, Iron, Protein, Riboflavin, Niacin and many more, and it can prevent as much as 300 diseases including hypertension. 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Use of solar energy- design and construct solar cookers, solar panels, etc.   [Exp] 37. Designing a strong bridge 38. Efficient use of renewable energy resources- E.G. Wood, Wind   39. Determine the accuracy ofRead MoreInvestigatory Project Repellent1716 Words   |  7 Pages * Investigatory Project â€Å" Kaymito Leaves Decoction As Antiseptic Mouthwash † INVESTIGATORY PROJECT KAYMITO LEAVES DECOCTION AS ANTISEPTIC MOUTHWASH Submitted by: Ronnel S. Pinote I- INTRODUCTION A. Background of the... Premium * How To Make Investigatory Project Make An Investigatory Project Sample Format: # Abstract After finishing the research and experimentation, you are required to write a (maximum) 250-word... Premium * On Investigatory Projects In Science investigatory projects in scienceRead MoreInvestigatory Project1623 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 1 I. INTRODUCTION: Nowadays ,people can’t oppose the boosting of the countless pests and insects that disturb our daily habits. Controlling of insects and pests is one of the main problems of most farmers and gardeners. So, instead of buying commercial and expensive inorganic insecticides, an alternative and economical insect repellant made up of the sap of euphorbia plant, garlic, and siling labuyo, all natural insecticides derived from different plants which could kill insects and pestsRead MoreInvestigatory Project in Physics3579 Words   |  15 PagesCooking Oil – Made Candle (Focusing on Thermal Physics and Energy) An Investigatory Project in Physics By: Introduction Today, candles are made not only for lighting purposes but for many other uses such as home dà ©cor, novelty collections, as fixtures for big occasions (weddings, baptismal , etc.), and as scented  varieties for aromatherapy. Candles are made from different types of waxes and oils. Cooking oil is a major kitchen item  in Filipino households. It is also used substantially in fast-food

LOCAL PARTY COMMITTEE SUMMARY Essay Example For Students

LOCAL PARTY COMMITTEE SUMMARY Essay Attached to this summary is a detailed outline for local party operationsunder the new campaign finance law. In summary, state and local partycommittees should be mindful of the following dos and donts:Local party committees not-registered with the FEC:County Parties can: 1) Contribute up to $1,000, in the aggregate, to all federal candidatesand federal accounts of other party and political committees. Thesecontributions are not aggregated with the state partys federallimits. 2) Spend up to $5,000 on the federal portion of exempt activities.1) Slate Cards2) Volunteer Materials3) Volunteer Presidential Phone Banks 3) Raise up to $5,000 in contributions earmarked for federalexpenditures. Contributions that raised by utilizing the name of afederal candidate are presumed to be federal contributions unlessspecific notice is given otherwise. All federal expenditures described above must be paid for with federallypermissible funds. Therefore, there must be enough contributions in thecommittees accounts from individuals or other federal committees at thetime the expenditure or contribution is made. Pay for certain federal election activities (such as voter registration,voter identification, get-out-the-vote activities and other genericactivities that do not mention federal candidates) partially with federallypermissible funds and partially with Levin funds (The first $10,000 ofcontributions accepted by a local committee consistent with state law). Merely spending such funds on these federal election activities do notcount against any of the federal registration thresholds discussed aboveand will not, in and of themselves, require a local party committee toregister with the FEC. A local committee should not make any public communication that expresslyadvocates the election or defeat of a federal candidate or that iscoordinated with a federal candidate without checking with the state partyas to whether such expenditures are permissible. Once county party committee does qualify as a federal committee it must: 1) Open federal account and deposit federal contributions into it. 2) Pay for all administrative, generic, federal fundraising and directcandidate support expenditures with an appropriate split of federaland non-federal dollars. 3) If the local committee is affiliated with the state party, all federalcontributions received are aggregated with $10,000 federalcontribution limit to the state party and other affiliated, federallyregistered local committees within the state. 4) Contribution limits to federal candidates are shared with the stateparty. 5) Pay for all administrative and other federal activities directly fromits federal account (except for certain payroll expenses as describedin the outline). 6) File periodic reports with the FEC. A local party committee should not: 1) Purchase any public advertising (TV, radio, newspaper, billboards) orundertake any other public communication (ie. Mail or phones) (TV,radio, newspaper, billboards) that feature a candidate for federaloffice without prior consultation with the state party. 2) Coordinate its activities with a federal candidate without priorconsultation with the state party. 3) Coordinate its activities with non-party groups that make publiccommunications on behalf of the party or its candidates. 4) Accept a contribution from any prohibited source, including foreignnationals. 5) Spend in excess of $1,000 on contributions or expenditures (includingindependent expenditures) on behalf of federal candidates withoutregistering with the FEC. 6) Solicit funds or make any contributions to any not-for-profitorganization or state PAC that undertakes any type of get-out-the-voteor voter registration programs. 7) (If not registered with FEC) represent to donors that contributionswill be used in connection with federal elections (if funds raised inthis fashion exceed $5,000 it will trigger federal registration). 8) (If registered with FEC). Contribute to a federal candidate (cash orin-kind) without consulting with the State Party. .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3 , .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3 .postImageUrl , .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3 , .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3:hover , .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3:visited , .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3:active { border:0!important; } .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3:active , .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3 .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79239d74d38596fc65269395ca99d9c3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Abortion In Our Society Essay 9) (If registered with the FEC) Deposit large federal contributions intoits federal account without consulting with the State Party. For a detailed discussion of each of these issues, please consult theattached outline prepared by Joe Sandler and Neil Reiff, of Sandler, Reiff Young, PC. Joe and Neil are the General Counsel to the DNC and serve asspecial counsel to several state party committees.

Presentation on Genes and DNA Race Essays - Genetics, Genomics

Special Event 2 Presentation on Genes and DNA Race Directions: 1.Print off the questions below for Cracking the Code of Life 2.Click on the URL for NOVA listed below (or cut and paste into the address line) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/program_adv.html 3.Scroll down to Watch Video Online 4.Choose program 1: Instructions for a Human Being 5.Select the speed in Quick time that you wish to watch it. If the full screen version does not play smoothly, you may have an older model of computer that needs the next selection : (448 X 336.43 MB) 6.There are several presentation to Cracking the Code of Life. Watch 1 through 6. 7.Answer the questions below: ( the questions are in sequence) 8.Complete the Wrap up study questions. 9.When you have completed this assignment, submit your answers to your instructor via email (F07 SE2 your name as the subject line on the email). Do a good job. Remember this project is valued at 20 points. Section 1: Instructions for a Human Being 1.How would you describe the appearance of DNA taken from the test tube,? Long strands of molecules looks like strands of cotton 2. How different are we from a banana? 50 genes of a banana are in us 3. How long is the human genome? 3 billion steps long 4.What will being able to sequence the human genome tell us? Human genome can let us know early about diseases such as early risk cancer Section 2: Getting the Letters Out 1.How did the announcer describe the DNA molecule? Secret to life wrote are chemical message all the way through time 2.How genetically the same are any two babies? 99.9% of babies are the same continuous thread 3.How many nucleotides make up the human genome? 3 200 000 000 4.The date for launching the human genome project was __1990______ . 5. How long did it take to find the gene sequence for cystic fibrosis ? 10 years 6. What percentage of the DNA nucleotides is active and important? 1% 7. What helped speed up the sequencing project? It became computerized How fast did it speed up the sequencing? 1,000 every second 8. The DNA sequence was described by Eric Lander as being akin to a parts list 9. Why is it important to know the human genome sequence (all parts, every letter)? Secret of life; DNA tells us if we are at early risk cancer because sometimes 1 single letter can make a difference Section 3: One Wrong Letter 1. Example of a genetic disorder: The name of the disorder is _____Tay-sachs____________ The cause of the disorder: 4 atoms being different; affects nerve cells in the brain What happens because of that change? Blind, cannot eat solid food, seizures as often as 10 times a day What is the eventual outcome of the disorder? Death by the age of 5-7 The disorder is inherited by Parents are the carrier, both parents have to have the mutated gene What population of people carry this gene? Ashkenazi Jews 2. What can be done if you know all the base pairs making up the human? Find out early parents would know what they would be putting their children through Section 4: Sequencing Race Begins 1.Government scientists through it would take how long to sequence the human genome? 15 years 2.How is DNA code read? Chopped by robots and placed in bacteria tagged with colored dyes. Blue C Yellow G Red T Green A 3. Describe the person who set up a private enterprise to sequence the human genome. Loves things that go fast. Drafter by the navy and worked in a naval hospital. 4.Name the company that he started. What does the name mean? Celera Genomics Celera derived from a latin word means speed. 5.Briefly describe the process utilized. Increased the speed of research making Venter believe they could complete the project in two years 6.In 1998, how long did Venter think the project would take? 2 years Section 5: Ramping Up 1. Name the two main labs and who was in charge of the projects. Celera Genomics/Human Genome Project 2.How many different labs were working on the project at that time? Name a few. Baylor College of Medicine, Sanger Project 3. List a few of the problems they faced with the project. New technology that the scientists were not familiar in using. They also had to put together all the